论新中国成立初年美英对华贸易管制的政策分歧与协调

Anglo-American Trade Control over China:Differences and Coordination

面对中国革命胜利不可逆转,美英调整对华政策。虽然二者目标一致,都力促中苏分裂,但基于不同的国家安全战略、国家利益,英国选择"软拉",美国实施"硬压"并要求英国等仿效。于是双方在对华贸易政策上不可避免地产生分歧并损害两国关系。另一方面,美英毕竟是西方盟国而且具有传统的"英美特殊关系",双方又不得不彼此协调。从1949到1957年,美英之间在对华贸易管制方面的矛盾微妙复杂,时而激化,时而缓和。

Facing the forthcoming irreversible victory for the CCP USA and Britain began to adjust their China policy.Despite the common goal to split Sino-Soviet relation by using the wedge strategy Britain chose a soft hand while the USA preferred a tough hand and required Britain to follow suit based on their different national secu-rity strategy national interest.As a result differences in their trade policy toward China occurred inevitably and impaired Anglo-American relations.However as allies with long-standing traditional ＂special relationship＂the two countries had to coordinate and reach agreement.Their differences and conflicts in trade control over China were complex and subtle sometimes intensified and sometimes less acute from 1949 to1957.