北京两城区人群脑卒中危险因素知识和信念及行为调查

A population survey of knowledge, attitude and behavior for risk factor and prevention of stroke in two urban districts of Beijing

整群随机法抽取北京市崇文区及石景山区10万例非脑卒中正常人群，共纳人1350人，分析两城区人群对脑卒中危险因素水平及卒中防治知识、信念和行为的差异。结果示崇文区组人群对高血压诊断标准、降压药降低心脑血管病风险、肥胖标准知晓率分别为71．3％、87．3％和22．9％，显著高于石景山区组（均P〈0．05）；性情急躁易致心脑血管病一项知晓率低于石景山区组（P=0．000）。两组人群对是否应监测血压、戒烟及改变不良性格等脑卒中防治信念差异无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。崇文区组吸烟、肥胖等脑卒中防治危险行为显著低于石景山区组（均P〈0．01），但血压测量行为方面低于石景山区组（P=0．000）。提示脑卒中防治应更侧重于将知识转化为良好行为，或直接有效地强化于行为干预的措施。

Total 1350 subjects were selected by cluster random sampling from Chongwen District and Shijingshan District in Beijing with a populations of 100 000. Chongwen District represented a typical urban district and Shijingshan represtnted a newly extended urban district. Qualified investigators conducted face-to-face survey using the uniform questionnaire and measurement, dealing with the knowledge, attitude and behavior for risk factors of stroke in two districts. The results showed： in Chongwen District, the awareness rates of ＂the diagnostic criteria of hypertension＂, ＂antihypertensive drugs can lower the risk of cardiocerebral vascular disease＂, and ＂criteria for obesity＂ were 71.3%, 87. 3% and 22. 9% respectively, which were significantly higher than those in Shijingshan District. The awareness rate of ＂bad temper may increase the risk of cardiocerebral vascular disease＂ was lower in the Chongwen District. There were no significant differences in attitude between two districts. In Chongwen District the level of three risk factors （smoking and obesity） was significantly lower than Shijingshan, but action of self-examination was also significantly lower. Generally, there was higher level in health knowledge and lower level of risk factors in Chongwen District. The hypertension-related knowledge and behavior was not entirely consistent. It is necessary to transform knowledge into behavioral changes or intervention of risk factors in population with high awareness like Chongwen District.