清代山东移民特点探析

Migration Characteristics of the Qing Dynasty in Shandong

移民作为一种调整人口分布的重要方式,在资源、环境配置方面发挥着举足轻重的作用。由于人口压力沉重及自然灾害频发,终清一代,山东省的移民活动都很活跃,前中期以规模庞大的"闯关东"为主,后期咸丰年间黄河改道后,灾民四出,移民途径多样化,有力地促进了山东社会的稳定发展。

Immigration as an important way to adjust the distribution of population, resources, environment configuration plays a pivotal role. Due to the heavy population pressure and natural disasters frequent and eventually Qing Dynasty, Shandong Province, is very active in migration, the former mid - to large - scale ＂to Northeast,＂ mainly the latter part of Emperor Xianfeng years, the Yellow River, the four victims, immigration means of diversification effectively promoted the development of Shandong~ social stability.