摘要
目的 研究5岁以下儿童因肺炎死亡的主要因素.方法 采用家长问卷的方式调查1994～1995年北京市5岁以下儿童因肺炎死亡的全部病例.结果221例肺炎死亡病例中,医疗因素占67%,社会因素占33%.新生儿死亡占全部死亡的63.8%,新生儿吸入性肺炎占新生儿死亡的61.0%.结论 加强各级医院产、儿科新生儿窒息复苏和儿童肺炎的急救是目前降低儿童肺炎死亡的关键.5岁以下儿童死亡率是衡量国家社会经济发展的重要指标之一.为了达到2000年将婴儿死亡率和5岁以下儿童死亡率分别降低1/3的目标,北京市自1992年起在全市范围内对5岁以下儿童开展生命监测.目前婴儿和5岁以下儿童死亡率已有所下降,但5岁以下儿童第一位死因仍是肺炎,尤其在农村地区,肺炎死亡构成接近1/5.为了减少儿童可避免性的死亡,进一步降低5岁以下儿童死亡率,我们对北京市0～4岁儿童肺炎死亡病例进行回顾性调查,以期了解影响儿童肺炎死亡的因素,寻找降低儿童死亡的综合措施.
ve To research the main factors effecting on the death of pneumonia in children under 5 years. Methods All cases coming from Beijing during 1994 - 1995 were investigated through questionnaire. Results Among 221 death, 67% were caused by medical factors, 33% by social factors, 63. 8% were neonates in which 61.0% were suffered from aspiration pneumonia. Conclusion Important procedures of reducing the death of pneumonia is to enhance the asphyxia resuscitation and emergent treatment of neonate pneumonia properly in obstetric and pediatric departments in hospitals of different level.
