小说中的预设——《福特执政回忆录》的语用解读

Presuppositions in novel:A pragmatic interpretation of Memories of Ford Administration

作为语用现象的预设,在文学语篇的建构和解读中具有重要作用。文学作者/文本和读者也处于交互式话语交流过程中。通常这种文学交流的预设具体表现为文类规约。文学话语比其他话语类型有更大的语用灵活度,可以更自由地采用或摆脱相关预设。从语用的角度分析作者遵守或故意违反预设的不同效果,有助于更好地理解美国著名作家厄普代克的小说《福特执政回忆录》。

Pragmatic presupposition plays an important role in the construction and interpretation of literary texts.In literature,author/text and the reader are engaged in an interactive discourse.Different from daily interactions,the set of presuppositions,on which the discourse of literature depends may be referred to as generic conventions.Presuppositions in literature can be more freely adopted and abandoned than in other forms of discourse.This article attempts to discuss the effects resulted from the author＇s observation or violations of presuppositions preset in John Updike＇s novel Memories of Ford Administration.