中国东、中、西部之间耕地保护协调——土地效率理论存在的问题

Research on Coordination of Farmland Protection Among Eastern,Middle,and Western Regions of China:Flaws of Land Use Efficiency Theory

研究目的:分析土地效率理论(以效率分配农地非农化指标理论)存在的问题,研究地区间耕地保护协调的方法。研究方法:文献法,理论分析法及计量经济方法。研究结果:农地非农化指标的分配不应该仅根据效率差异决定,而应综合考虑各生产要素之间的关系。研究结论:(1)如果在地区间实行非农化指标转移,补偿机制是否建立依赖于两地区资金对土地边际技术替代率的关系;(2)以用地效率来指导非农化指标分配的思路能够提高两地区总体的产出水平,但两地区之间公平会受到损害;(3)农地非农化指标转移等类似政策制定应充分考虑制度成本和交易成本。

The purposes of this paper are to analyze the flaws in the theory of land use efficiency, i.e., the efficient allocation of non-agricultural quotas for farmland conversion into construction land use, and to find ways for coordinating farmland protection among regions. Methods of literature review, theory analysis and econometric are employed. The results indicate that the allocation of non-agricultural quotas for farmland conversion should be determined not only basing on the efficiency differences, but also should depend on the comprehensive consideration of the relationships among all factors of production. It is concluded that： （ 1 ）if the transfer of non-agricultural quotas for farmland conversion is implemented between regions, whether the compensation mechanism should be established depends on the marginal technical substitution rate of finance input to land resource input between two regions; （2） the gross output level of two regions can be improved via allocating the non-agricultural quotas of farmland conversion based on the land use efficiency theory, however, the social fairness between the two regions will be damaged;（3）the formulation of policies, such as the transfer of the non-agricultural quotas for farmland conversion, should also fully take into account the institutional and transaction costs.