退耕还林(草)不同经营模式对农村经济影响的分析——以陕西省吴起县为例

Effects of Different Operating Modes of Returning Farmland to Forest (Grassland) on Rural Economy——A Case of Wuqi County,Shaanxi Province,China

以陕西省吴起县为例,在介绍研究区概况的基础上,依据当地种植模式和影响经济效益的因素,经过系统分析和筛选,选取生态林、林—草—牧、林—药、经济林和大棚蔬菜5种退耕还林(草)经营模式,选择吴旗镇、白豹镇、吴仓堡乡、新寨乡、薛岔乡和五谷城乡6个乡镇为样本地,对每个乡镇的5种模式分别从乡(镇)、村、农户3个层次采用参与性农村评估和文献查阅相结合的方法进行调查访问获取相关数据,采用方差分析法对吴起县退耕还林(草)工程5种经营模式的经济效益进行分析比较,确定各种经营模式对农村经济效益不同程度的影响。结果表明,各种模式之间有显著性差异;除经济林模式和林—药模式之间没有显著性差异外,其余各模式均达到差异极显著性;林—草—牧模式和经济林模式的效果最好,分别位于1、2位,林—药、生态林和大棚蔬菜模式分别位于3、4、5。

Taking Wuqi County,Shaanxi Province as an example,based on the introduction of research area,cropping pattern and the factors affecting economic benefit,five management modes of returning farmland to forest （grassland） are selected through system analysis and screening,including ecological forest,forest-grass-animal husbandry,forest-drug,economic forest and greenhouse vegetables. A total of five townships are chosen as sample sites,such as Wuqi Town,Baibao Town,Wucangbao Village,Xinzhai Village,Xuecha Village and Wugucheng Village. Participatory rural appraisal and literature consulting are combined together to investigate the townships,villages and peasant households. Variance analysis method is adopted to compare the economic benefits of five management modes of returning farmland to forest （grassland） in Wuqi County,so as to determine the effects of management modes on economic benefits. Result shows that there are significant differences among different modes. Except there is no significant differences between the economic forest mode and the forest – drug mode,the rest modes all reach the level of extreme significant difference. Forest- grass-animal husbandry mode and economic forest mode obtain the optimum effects. Forest-drug mode,economic forest mode and greenhouse vegetable mode rank the third,fourth and fifth places,respectively.