胆道镜在胰腺周围脓肿治疗中的作用

Effect of Choledochoscope for Treatment of Parapancreatic Abscess

目的拓展微创技术在胰腺周围脓肿(简称胰周脓肿)中的应用,总结胆道镜治疗胰周脓肿的经验和体会。方法回顾性分析我科2000年12月至2008年12月期间收治的36例胰周脓肿患者的临床资料,经超声介入穿刺置管,逐级扩张窦道,胆道镜清创,引流治疗,根据胰周坏死组织特点,充分利用胆道镜的灵活性,全方位多角度反复钳取、网取、负压吸引、彻底清除坏死组织和脓苔。结果全组36例施行B超介入穿刺置管引流,行单管穿刺置管3例,双管穿刺置管7例,三管穿刺置管及以上26例;胆道镜清创次数3～14次,平均5.6次。有6例患者经1～2次胆道镜清创后全身症状改善,血常规和体温恢复正常,饮食恢复,可带管出院。住院时间25～132d,平均76d。经胆道镜清创治愈33例,治愈率为91.7%(33/36);2例因胰周坏死组织范围较大,同时伴有腹腔内多处脓肿加行开腹清创引流,术后恢复较好,治愈出院;1例因并发严重多器官功能衰竭死亡。本组发生出血2例,肠外瘘3例。结论胆道镜对胰周脓肿清创方法简单、操作灵活、疗效可靠,改变了胰周脓肿只能手术引流的观点,减少了患者的创伤,实现了"微创损伤控制"的理念。

Objective To expand the utilization of minimally invasive technologies for parapancreatic abscess,and summarize the application experience of choledochoscope for treatment of parapancreatic abscess.Methods The clinical data and treatment effectiveness of 36 patients with parapancreatic abscess from Dec.2000 to Dec.2008 were analyzed retrospectively.These patients had experienced percutaneous puncture and been placed drainage tube under the ultrasound guidance first,then expanded the sinus tract gradually,and performed debridement by choledochoscope.The flexibility of choledochoscope was used to remove the necrotic tissue and pyogenic membrane repeatedly by clamping,netting and vacuum aspiration in every domain.Results Thirty-six patients were performed percutaneous puncture and placed drainage tube,3 cases were given canalis singularis,7 cases were double tube,26 cases were over three tube.The debridement times were 3-14 by choledochoscope,average 5.6 times.There were 6 cases with improving systemic symptoms,blood routine and temperature recovering normal,and drink and food recovering,then discharged from hospital with tube after 1-2 times of debridement.Length of stay was 25-132 d,average 76 d.The curing rate was 91.7% （33/36）.Two cases were turned into open surgery because of broad necrotic tissue range combined with many abdominal cavity abscess with good postoperative recovery and cured.One case was dead of severe multiple organ failure combination.There were 2 patients with hemorrhage,3 patients with external intestinal fistula.Conclusions The debridement of choledochoscope for parapancreatic abscess treatment is a simple,flexible and effective method.It changes the viewpoint that parapancreatic abscess can be cured only by operation drainage,decreases the patients’ trauma and accomplishes the idea of damage control by minimally invasive technologies.