河南地方山羊品种的遗传多样性

Genetic diversity of native goat breeds in Henan Province

采用18个微卫星位点对河南省5个地方山羊品种(牛腿山羊、槐山羊、河南奶山羊、太行黑山羊和伏牛白山羊)的遗传多样性进行了评价.结果表明:18个微卫星位点在5个山羊品种均为高度多态;5个山羊品种的多态信息含量、群体杂合度、有效等位基因数值较高,说明其遗传多样性和各品种内的遗传变异比较丰富;聚类分析显示,牛腿山羊与太行黑山羊的关系较近,与河南奶山羊的关系较远.群体遗传分化系数和群体遗传距离表明,河南省地方山羊的变异主要存在于品种内,品种间的变异相对较小.结合5个山羊品种的实际生态地理分布,提出了避免近交,并有选择地进行品种间杂交的保种模式.

In this paper,the genetic diversity of five native goat breeds（Niutui,Huai,Henan Dairy,Taihang Black,and Funiu White） in Henan Province was evaluated by using 18 microsatellite loci.For the five goat breeds,the 18 microsatellite loci were all highly polymorphic.The higher polymorphism information content（PIC）,higher heterozygosity（Hz）,and larger number of alleles suggested the higher genetic diversity,and the greater genetic variation of the breeds.Cluster analysis showed that Niutui goat had a closer relationship with Taihang Black goat,but a relatively far relationship with Henan Dairy goat.The coefficient of genetic differentiation and the genetic distance indicated that the variation mainly existed within the breeds,but small variation also existed among the breeds.In combining with the actual eco-geographic distribution of the five goat breeds,a conservation mode of avoiding inbreeding and implementing selective hybridization was proposed