西南喀斯特地区退化生态系统整治模式

Management modes of degraded ecosystem in southwest Karst area of China

喀斯特脆弱生态区一直是学术界关注的热点地区.由于其脆弱的自然地质环境加之强烈的人为活动影响,导致该生态系统呈退化态势.本文以中国西南典型喀斯特脆弱区生态系统退化机理和生态环境脆弱性程度为依据,参考已进行的生态系统恢复和石漠化治理经验,综合考虑各种加剧喀斯特脆弱区生态环境退化的因素,并基于不同喀斯特生态环境综合治理的模式和技术体系以及因地制宜原则,综述了3套喀斯特脆弱生态区退化生态系统整治模式(生态移民-封山育林-恢复自然植被模式、退耕还林-蓄水保土-人工造林恢复植被模式、可持续生态农业-庭园经济-资源产业模式),详细论述了各模式的适宜地区和成本效益情况,并指出了其推广应用过程中需注意的问题.

Ecologically fragile Karst area is a hotspot area concerned by academia.Owing to its intrinsic vulnerability and intense human activities,the ecosystem in this area is in degradation.Based on the degradation mechanisms of the ecosystem and the fragile degree of eco-environment in southwest Karst area of China,previous management experiences,and the factors leading to ecological deterioration,three types management modes of degraded ecosystem in ecologically fragile Karst area were summarized,i.e.,ecological emigration-forest reservation-natural vegetation recovery,returning farmland into forestland-soil and water conservation-afforestation,and sustainable eco-agriculture-courtyard economy-resources industry.The appropriate areas for these modes,the problems needed to be paid attention in practices,and the cost-benefit analysis of these modes were also discussed.