颅脑外伤机械通气患者胃肠内营养并发症原因分析与对策

Analysis and Countermeasures Mechanical ventilation in patients with traumatic brain injury complicated by enteral nutrition

目的分析颅脑外伤机械通气患者胃肠内营养并发症的原因,并提出护理对策。方法回顾性分析68例颅脑外伤机械通气患者实施胃肠内营养发生腹胀、腹泻、便秘、反流、误吸、管道堵塞、消化道出血、高血糖、提前拔管等并发症的原因进行分析。结果主要原因为肠内菌群失调、气囊充气不足、长期卧床后肠蠕动减弱以及不习惯床上排便、液体滴注速度过快、营养液中的蛋白质凝固及患者机体抵抗力降低,加上插管创伤及禁食后机体的应激改变等因素。结论严密观察病情,加强基础护理,加强患者及家属健康指导,是预防并发症发生的关键。

Objective To analyze the mechanical ventilation in patients with traumatic brain injury complications in enteral nutrition causes and propose nursing. Methods A retrospective analysis of 68 cases of traumatic brain injury mechanical ventilation the implementation of enteral nutrition in patients with abdominal distention,diarrhea,constipation,reflux,aspiration,pipe blockage,gastrointestinal bleeding,high blood sugar, causes complications such as early extubation analysis. Results The main reason for the intestinal flora imbal-ance,lack of air bag inflated,long-term bed rest,and reduced bowel movements are not used to the bed after def-ecation,liquid drip too fast,nutrition,fluid and protein coagulation in patients with lower body resistance,cou-pled with intubation trauma and stress changes in the body after fasting and so on. Conclusion The close obser-vation of disease,strengthening of primary health care,strengthening health guide patients and their families is the key to preventing complications.