中国出口企业凭什么拥有了较高的生产率?——来自江苏省的证据

Why do Chinese Exporting Enterprises have Higher Productivity?——Evidence from Jiangsu Province

已有的研究将发展中国家的出口企业拥有高生产率的原因归结为显著的"出口中学效应"。中国出口企业的实际情况则更有可能是在提供了清晰产权激励后,通过规模经济和专业化生产而获得较高的生产率。不仅如此,中国出口企业的"出口中学效应"还受其在全球价值链中位置的影响。基于此,本文首先针对这一问题的解释提出了一个简要的理论分析框架,然后利用江苏省的微观企业数据进行验证,结论显示产权制度安排、市场规模、集聚效应和专业化分工对出口企业生产率有十分重要的影响,"出口中学效应"中出口和生产率之间存在倒U型关系。

Effect of learning by exporting is regarded as the reason why exporting enterprises have superior productivity than non-exporters in developing countries. In fact, Chinese exporters gain higher productivity through property incentives, scale economy and specialization. Moreover, effect of learning by exporting is affected by the position in GVC. This paper puts forward an analytical framework and analyzes data from Jiangsu province. The results confirm that property institution, market size, agglomeration effects and division of labor based on specialization have strong impacts on the productivity of exporting enterprises. There is a reverse U relation between productivity and OEM exports.