光子学视角分析自然界中的生物结构色彩美

Photonic viewpoint for some iridescent natural organism

自然界中很多生物体呈现出五彩缤纷的生物结构色彩,这是由于生物体的物理亚显微结构使光发生干涉、衍射或散射的光学效果,是天然的光子晶体结构.本文在生物结构实体测量与文献综合调研基础上,归纳分析了蝴蝶翅色、鸟类羽色、欧泊宝石、贝类壳层、甲虫体壁等一些生物色彩形成的内因机制,并分析了某些生物结构有利于自体生存的生理功能.通过对自然界中某些生物结构色、形成机理及其应用研究,可促进有利于人们生产生活的仿生科学技术的发展,对制备新型光子晶体结构以及新型功能光子元件提供新思路.

Many natural creatures present iridescent structural colors,which are attributed to that light is scattered,intervened,and diffracted by their sub-microstructures. These periodically arranged sub-microstructures are so called photonic crystals. In this article,based on the literature investigation and our measurement of some creatures＇ microstructures,the iridescence of natural organism such as wing of butterfly,feather of peacock,seashell and integument of beetles are inductively analyzed. The study of the structural colors and the corresponding physiological function may not only promote the development of bionic technology,but also provide a new conception of fabricating photonic crystals with novel structures and functional photonic elements.