沙门菌感染的若干进展

Some opinions on the development of Salmonella infection

沙门菌感染是全球重大的公共卫生问题,是很多国家的法定传染病.沙门菌感染主要是通过摄入污染的食物或饮水引起.临床上非伤寒沙门菌感染引起的肠胃炎以轻型稀水样腹泻为主,轻症感染者病程呈自限性,重症患者及特殊人群如儿童（2岁以下）、老年人及免疫力低下患者应及早用抗生素治疗.肠热病是伤寒和副伤寒沙门菌感染引起的特殊综合征,通常需要住院观察,并需积极的抗牛素治疗.肠热病的临床表现多种多样,医务人员应重视其特征,加强临测,特别是对来自流行地区的发热患者.此文就沙门菌感染的流行病学、临床表现、诊断和治疗等方面研究现状进行综述.

Salmonella infection is a major global public health problem,which is required to be notified to public health departments in many countries.Salmonella infection is acquired by ingesting coniaminated food or water.Gas-troenteritis caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella infection is clinically characterized by mild and thin watery diarrhea,which most cases are self limited and no antibiotic therapy is involved.Antibiotic treatment should be considered for young chil-dren（〈 2 years）and the elderly,particularly for severe and immunocompromised patients.Enteric fever is a specific syndrome caused by.Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi.Antibiotic treatment is always required,and generally requiring hospital admission.Symptoms of enteric fever are highly variable,and enteric fever should be considered for any patient returning from an endemic country with a fever.In this article,the status quo of Salmonella infection in the epidemiology,manifestation,diagnosis and treatment are reviewed.