3～6岁幼儿面部表情识别与标签的发展特点

The Developmental Characteristics of Recognition and Free Labeling of Facial Expression of Emotions in 3～6-Year-Old Children

随机选取幼儿园托儿班、小、中、大班幼儿各一个班,共130名幼儿为被试,运用从Matsumoto和Ekman编制的面部表情图片(JACFEE)中选取的36张,让3～6岁幼儿分别进行识别和标签,探讨了3～6岁幼儿面部表情识别与标签的发展特点。结果发现:(1)幼儿最先能够较好识别高兴表情,其次是愤怒、悲伤表情;再次是恐惧、惊奇、厌恶表情。(2)3岁左右幼儿对于6种面部表情均不能正确标签。4～6岁对于高兴、愤怒、悲伤面部表情标签成绩较好,恐惧和惊奇面部表情标签成绩次之,3～6岁各年龄幼儿对于厌恶表情均不能正确标签。(3)3～6岁各年龄幼儿的面部表情识别成绩高于标签成绩,无论是表情识别还是标签3～5岁是一个迅速发展期,5岁以后逐渐达到一个相对稳定的水平。

Thirty six facial expr^sion photographs selected from Matsumoto and Ekman＇ s Japanese and Caucasian Facial Expressions of Emotion （JACFEE） were used to assess children＇ s ability to recognize and label facial expression of emotions. The study results indicated： （1） Children recognized facial expression of happiness much better, followed by facial expression of anger and sadness and finally by expression of fear, surprise, and disgust. （2） All children aged 3 couldn＇t freely label all facial photographs of six basic emotions. Children aged 4- 6 labeled facial expression of happiness, anger, sadness freely more than facial expression of fear and surprise. Children aged 3 to 6 couldn＇t freely label facial expression of disgust. （3） Scores on the recognition task were significantly higher than those on the labeling task in children aged 3 to 6, which suggested that recognition of an emotional state was less difficult than the verbal identification of an emotional state.