老年人心理理论与认知加工关系研究

The Relationship of Theory of Mind in Old People With Cognitive Processing

为研究老年人心理理论是否老化及其与认知加工、受教育程度关系,把被试分为青年组、老年中学组、老年大学组,以二级错误信念、失言、眼测验考察心理理论,以执行功能、记忆广度、工作记忆、加工速度考察认知加工。结果青年组和老年大学组在错误信念和失言觉察上好于老年中学组,青年组与老年大学组无差异;在眼测验上无年龄组差异;在认知加工任务上青年组好于两个老年组;受教育程度一定程度上缓和心理理论与认知加工的老化趋势;认知加工任务对3种心理理论的影响方式有所不同。

To explore whether theory of mind in old people is aging, and the relationship of theory of mind in old people with cognitive processing and education level, three groups--Group A with 28 young adults, Group B with 21 old people with secondary education, and Group C with 28 old people with tertiary education--were tested in theory of mind tasks, including second-order falsebelief, faux-pas, eye tests, and cognitive processing tasks, including executive function, memory span, working memory, processing speed. The results showed that （1） Groups A and C outperformed Group B in the false belief and faux-pas tasks, but no significant difference was found between A and B groups; and there was no significant difference in eye test tasks among the age groups. Group A outperformed the two old adult groups in cognitive processing tasks, and education level could lessen aging in theory of mind and cognitive process; （2） Path analysis showed that different cognitive processing tasks affected three kinds of theory of mind in different modes.