双砧木嫁接对温室黄瓜生长、产量和品质的影响

Effects of Double-stock Grafting on the Growth,Yield and Quality of Cucumber in Greenhouse

采用改善品质的京欣砧5号南瓜和提高抗逆性的云南黑籽南瓜为砧木,以津优35号为接穗,对单砧木嫁接、双砧木嫁接和自根黄瓜在日光温室条件下植株生长、肥水利用率、产量和品质等性状进行了比较分析。结果表明:嫁接均显著提高植株的株高、茎粗、叶片数、最大叶面积、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量,水分利用率和对N、P、K、Ca、Mg的吸收量显著高于自根对照;双砧处理的单株产量、瓜数和单果质量均显著高于京欣砧和自根对照,缓和了单砧木嫁接增加果柄长的趋势;双砧木嫁接显著提高果实可溶性糖含量,且果实VC含量和糖酸比高于黑籽南瓜砧和自根对照;嫁接处理对第1雌花节位、根系活力、果实横径、果实纵径、果形指数、果实含水量等性状没有显著影响。双砧处理综合了京欣砧5号和黑籽南瓜两个单砧处理的优良特性,促进了对肥水的吸收,提高植株的生长势,既高产又优质。

This paper uses quality improved pumpkin ＇ Jingxinzhen No. 5 ＇ and stress resistance en- hanced Cucurbitaficifolia as rootstock, and cucumber （Cucumis sativus L. ） cuhivar ＇ Jinyou No. 35＇ as scion. Under single-stock and double-stock conditions in greenhouse, the plant growth, water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, yield and quality of these 2 different grafted cucumbers were analyzed and compared. The results showed that the plant height, stem diameter, leaf numbers, the largest leaf areas, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of double-stocked plants were significantly increased; the water use efficiency and contents of uptake N, P, K, Ca, Mg of grafted plants were remarkably higher than those of own-root plants. The yield and fruit number per plant, the single fruit quality of double-stock were significantly higher than ＇ Jingxin No. 5 ＇ and own-root treatments. The single-stock increased the fruit stalk length, while double-stock relieved this tendency. Double-stock could significantly increase solution sugar content. The VC contents and sugar-acid ratio were also higher than that of C. ficifolia and own-root treatments. In term of the first female flower node, root activity, fruit length, fruit width, L/D index, and moisture con- tent, graft treatment exerted no effect on them. The above results demonstrated that double-stock possessed characteristics of ＇ Jingxin No. 5＇ and C. ficifolia, promoted water and fertilizer absorption, and could im- prove plant growth vigor, yield and quality. So double-stock was the best grafting combination.