汉江上游水中溶解性重金属的空间分布及来源分析

Spatial Distribution and Source Apportionment of Dissolved Heavy Metals in Jinshui River of Upper Han River

利用2006年—2008年的监测数据,采用聚类分析、因子分析和主成分多元线性回归分析等统计方法,分析了汉江上游金水河水中溶解性重金属元素(Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn、V、Sr和As)的空间分布和污染源分配情况。结果表明,不同采样点的重金属含量差异显著。除Fe、Sr和As外,其余重金属含量均符合世界卫生组织和我国的生活饮用水卫生标准。金水镇采样点的Fe含量超标,岳坝和栗子坝村的As含量超标,而所有采样点的Sr含量均超出了GB5749—2006标准限值的1～2个数量级,存在严重的Sr污染。聚类分析将12个采样点分为4组,反映出了溶解性重金属元素在空间上的污染程度。通过因子分析,根据变量的因子载荷与采样点的因子得分,反映出了污染的天然和人为来源信息;通过主成分多元线性回归分析,计算了公因子及不确定因子对各个变量的贡献率,获得了每种污染类型的数量信息。

Using the monitoring data from 2006 to 2008, the spatial distribution and source appor- tionment of dissolved heavy metals （Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, V, Sr and As） in the Jinshui River of the upper Han River were analyzed by statistical techniques, such as cluster analysis （CA）, factor a- nalysis （FA） and multivariate linear regression of absolute principal component scores （MLR-APCS）. The results indicate that the concentrations of dissolved heavy metals are significantly different in twelve sampling sites. Except Fe, Sr and As, all dissolved heavy metals meet WHO recommendations and the Chinese standard for drinking water quality （ GB 5749 - 2006）. Fe in Jinshui Town and As in Yueba and Liziba exceed the standard, while Sr in all sampling sites exceeds 1 to 2 orders of magnitude of the Chi- nese standard. In CA, the twelve sampling sites were divided into four groups, reflecting different spatial pollution levels of dissolved heavy metals. According to variable loadings and factor scores of sampling sites in FA, the anthropogenic and natural sources are recognized for getting the information of pollution sources. In addition, source contributions of factors and uncertainties for each dissolved heavy metal were calculated by MLR-APCS in order to obtain the quantitative information regarding the contributions of each source type.