农业产业化对农户环保行为的影响及对策

The Effects on Farmer's Environmental Protection Behavior of Agricultural Industrialization and Countermeasures

根据在山东省龙口市、寿光市和河北省磁县、张北县共计240家农户调查资料及部分农业产业化龙头企业和地方政府负责人访谈资料,分析农业产业化对农户施用化肥、农药和处理畜禽粪便行为的影响。结果表明,在农业产业化程度较低的磁县和张北县,农户环境保护与食品安全的意识较为淡薄,农户施用化肥时遵循的原则是"成本节约",施用农药则是"药效至上";在产业化程度较高的龙口市和寿光市,龙头企业的直接干预使农户环境保护与食品安全的意识明显增强,施用化肥和农药时遵循的原则相应转变为"作物需求"和"低毒高效";随着养殖业向产业化方向发展,农户向环境中随意排放未经处理的畜禽粪便的行为相应增加,龙头企业却大都对此没有采取限制措施。通过对这些影响的内在原因分析,进一步探讨从龙头企业入手解决化肥、农药和畜禽粪便污染的生态补偿策略。

Based on 240 farmer＇s survey data and some interview materials with principals of agribusiness and local government in Longkou, Shouguang of Shandong province and Cixian, Zhangbei of Hebei province, the paper analyzed agricultural industrialization＇s effects on farmer utilizing fertilizer, pesticide and disposing animal dejecta. The results showed that farmers in Cixian and Zhangbei with undeveloped agricultural industrialization, has dim consciousness for environmental protection and food security; farmer mainly take into account cost during fertilization and think much of effect during pesticide application. Farmer in Longkou and Shouguang with developed agricultural industrialization has strong consciousness for environmental protection and food security; farmer tend to take crop need as principles during fertilization and is inclined to low toxicity with high effect during pesticide application. Along with industrialization of animal husbandry, more and more animal＇s dejecta was discarded to environment before dealing with by farmers; however, agribusinesses didn＇t take measures to stop the behaviors. According to analyze intrinsic reasons of the effects, the paper further brings forward eco-compensation measures dealing with pollution caused by fertilizer, pesticide and animal＇s dejecta from the aspect of agribusiness.