精炼钢包刚玉基耐火材料冲蚀的有限元分析

FEM Analysis on Erosion of Corundum-based Refractory in Refining Ladle

本文根据精炼钢包耐火材料的使用工艺条件,采用Johnson-cook模型,通过与实验值的对比,利用有限元模拟方法计算了刚玉基耐火材料在高温服役条件下的冲蚀率,研究了冲蚀角、冲蚀物速度、冲蚀物粒径和材料气孔率与冲蚀率之间的关系。结合耦合固液传热的精炼钢包钢液流场,对钢包精炼过程的冲蚀情况进行了分析和探讨。结果表明:采用Johnson-cook模型模拟高温条件下耐火材料以塑性切削为主的冲蚀,模型正确、参数合理;冲蚀角在15°～30°小角度范围内,冲蚀率较大,随后随着冲蚀角的增大而下降;冲蚀率与冲蚀物速度、冲蚀物尺寸、气孔率均呈现指数变化关系;精炼钢包刚玉基耐火材料主要是承受小角度切削冲蚀,服役过程中形成高熔点致密界面层能有效改善其抗冲蚀损毁。

According to the application parameter of corundum-based refractory in refining ladle,the Johnson-cook model was chosen,erosion model for refractory in high temperature was established,erosion process of refractory in refining ladle was studied by FEM method. The effects of erosion degree,particle velocity,particle size,porosity on erosion rate of refractory in refining ladle were analyzed. The flow field of bottom blowing ladle with thermal transmission of solid and liquid coupled was considered,the erosion condition of refractory in refining ladle was discussed. The results show that：The Johnson-Cook model,which was applied to simulate ductility cutting erosion of refractory in high temperature,is appropriate and reasonable. The erosion rate with small angle degree from 15-30 is much higher,the erosion rate was decreased following the increasing of angle degree above 25. The relationship between erosion rate and particle velocity,particle size and porosity is exponential. The erosion of refractory in refining ladle is small-angle erosion,particularly in parts of ladle,the slag line near porous plug,the side wall near bottom and porous plug,and etc. performance significantly. The erosion of refractory can be weakened as the interfacial film with higher melting point and density formates.