吐鲁番地区农村碘缺乏病危害及防治措施探讨

The Harmfulness of IDD to People in Rural Area of Turpan and Discussion on the Control Strategy

吐鲁番地区自然环境严重缺碘，土碘约２０μｇ／ｋｇ，水碘仅３～４μｇ／Ｌ。这里岩盐、湖盐、滩盐等土盐资源丰富，分布广，多数农村居民食用土盐或以食用土盐为主。食用土盐的８～１０岁儿童，平均尿碘为４５．６μｇ／Ｌ，平均吸碘率为６３％，触诊法检查甲状腺肿大率为７１．７％，Ｂ超法检查甲状腺体积平均为１０．２ｍｌ；食用土盐为主，仅部分或少量食用加碘盐的８～１０岁儿童，触诊法检查甲状腺肿大率为３６．６％；试用加碘器土盐水加碘防治碘缺乏病，试验区农村居民正确使用率高达９０％，推广难度不大，试用３个月后，食用土盐的儿童的平均尿碘上升到１９４．７μｇ／Ｌ，甲状腺体积平均缩小了１．６ｍｌ，防治效果良好。建议在继续推广加碘盐的同时，尽快实施土盐水加碘防治ＩＤＤ，加强组织领导，健全推广措施，充分调动各有关单位和人员的积极性。

Being around of 20μg/kg iodine in soil and only 3～4 μg/L iodine in water in the environment of Turpan, this area is under the condition of severe iodine deficiency. Most rural inhabitants only ingest or mainly take in local salts, for local salts, such as halite, lake salt and beach salt, etc. are rich in natural resources and distribute widely. There were mean urinary iodine of 45.6μg/L, mean iodine uptake rate of 63%, goitre rate of 71.7% examined by palpation method and average thyroid volume of 10.2ml determined by B mode ultrasonography in those children aged from 8～10, who only ingested local salts while the goitre rate examined by palpation was 36.6% in children of 8～10 years old mainly taking in local salts or a few of them taking in iodinated salt. There was little spread difficulty for the high accurate use rate of 90% by rural inhabitants in the spot when the iodine slow-releasing device was used to supply local salt water with iodine for IDD control.