企业区位特征、影响因素及其城镇化效应——基于中国东南沿海地区的实证研究

The Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Enterprise Location and Its Urbanization Effect——A Case of Coastal Areas in Southeast of China

企业区位选择是理解城镇化内在机制的重要微观视角。应用西方区位因素分析框架,探讨中国东南沿海地区企业区位特征、影响因素及其城镇化效应。问卷调查结果显示,企业区位选择背离了西方工业区位理论中倾向于选择位于或接近大城市的预期,而呈现出以镇村行政区域为主以及"大分散,小集中"的分布格局;同时,大多数企业没有过搬迁的经历,或属于近距离搬迁且迁移至开发区或大中城市的意愿并不强烈。根据调查结果,探讨了影响企业区位选择的区位因素(运费、技术成本、交易成本、集聚经济、劳动力、土地成本、资本因素、个人因素等),并揭示了导致该地区就地城镇化现象的微观机制,验证与完善了西方工业区位理论。

The industrial location selection is the important micro perspective of understanding the underlying mechanism of urbanization. The characteristics and influencing factors of enterprise location and its urbanization effect were discussed based on the analytical frame of western location factors. The results of the questionaire survey showed that the enterprise location deviated from the western industrial location theory anticipation of being located or approaching to the metropolis. On the contrary, the enterprises mainly centrer around towns or countries and with the spatial pattern of ＂scattering around large scale areas and concentrating on small scale areas＂. At the same time, most of the enterprises never relocated or only moved within short distance. If they want to relocate, their intention of moving to development areas or medium and large cities is not very strong. The influcing location factors, such as transportation expenses, technological cost, transactional cost, agglomeration economies, labour cost, land cost, capical and private factors were examined, which resulted in the phenomenon of in situ urbanization in coastal aeras in Southeast of China. The article testifies and perfects the western industrial location theory.