甘蓝型无花瓣油菜的缺陷及克服途径研究

Weakness of Apetalous Rape Varieties with Different Cytoplasm Types and Its Surmountable Path in Brassica nupus

为了摸清无瓣油菜生长势较差，冬季低温心叶严重缺绿的缺陷及找到相应的克服途径，以育成的甘蓝型、白菜型和埃芥胞质的甘蓝型无花瓣油菜进行对比试验，结果表明：除甘蓝型胞质的甘蓝型无瓣油菜材料外，白菜型胞质和埃芥胞质的甘蓝型无瓣油菜均有大量品系生长势较差，冬季低温心叶严重缺绿的重大缺陷。不同胞质的甘蓝型无花瓣油菜品系无瓣性状的稳定性以埃芥胞质无瓣系最好，甘蓝型次之，白菜型较差，但相同胞质的不同材料间存在差异。全部胞质的无瓣材料均存在有瓣花朵从花序基部由下至上增多的趋势，特别是开花后期上部花序开放的有瓣花明显增多。其中，又以白菜型胞质的无瓣系最明显，甘蓝型胞质稍次，埃芥胞质再次。无瓣隐性核不育系和正常有瓣的隐性核不育系都存在花序基部特别是主序基部死蕾现象，其死蕾花率基本相近，但不同年度有明显差异。闭蕾现象却只有无瓣核不育系存在，且较重，其比例高达28．6％～33．4％。无瓣隐性核不育系的不育株结荚结实均很差，较正常有瓣隐性核不育系差距很大。

The comparison tests of some Brassica nupus apetalous rape varieties with different cytoplasm types were carried out to find the weakness of poor growth vigor and serious chlorosis of heart leaf under lower temperature in winter and to probe into the corresponding surmountable path. The results showed that the growth vigor and heart leaves of most lines with Brassia campestris cytoplasm and Brassia juncea cytoplasm were poor and serious chlorosis under lower temperature in winter except the varieties with Brassica nupus cytoplasm. The stability of apetalous character of the apetalous lines with different cytoplasm types was lines with Brassia juncea cytoplasm〉 lines with Brassica nupus cytoplasm 〉 lines with Brassia campestris cytoplasm and there was significant difference in the stability of apetalous character among different lines with the same cytoplasm type. The number of flowers with petals increased from inflorescence bottom to top in all tested lines, especially the number of flowers with petals of the upper inflorescence obviously increased during later flowering stage. The death buds occurred on the inflorescence bottom, especially on the main inflorescence bottom in the apetalous sterile lines and sterile lines with normal petals,and their death bud rate was similar basically, but there was obvious difference among different years. The closed buds occurred in apetalous sterile lines seriously and its proportion was up to 28. 6%-33. 4%. The pod and seed setting of the apetalous sterile Nines was poor and there was obvious difference in pod and seed setting between apetalous sterile lines and sterile lines with normal petals.