黔东南州9种中药材重金属污染评价

Evaluation on Heavy Metal Pollution of Nine Traditional Chinese Medicines in Qiandongnan Prefecture

为了评价黔东南州中药材重金属的污染情况，采用国家相关标准方法检测中药材及其种植土壤中铅、镉和汞3种重金属及类金属砷的含量，以《药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准》（WM2—2001）为评价标准，对药材中重金属的单项污染指数和综合污染指数进行分析评价。结果表明：在所调查的9种中药材中，重金属含量相差很大，铅含量在0．09～28．60mg／kg，镉含量在0．01～1．07mg／kg，汞含量在0．01～0．28mg／kg，砷含量在0．02～1．60mg／kg；鸭跖草、何首鸟和钩藤对土壤中Cd有明显的富集作用；在重金属污染因子中，Pb是主要污染因子，其次是Cd，参试9种中药材均未受Hg和As的污染；钩藤和杜仲受到Pb的严重污染，金银花和钩藤受到Cd的中度污染，大部分中药材未受重金属污染。黔东南州生态环境保持良好，是比较理想的中药材种植地。

The Pb, Cd, Hg and As content in nine traditional Chinese medicines and soils was determined and evaluated by single pollution index and comprehensive pollution index method according to the correlated testing standard and assessment standard to evaluate pollution condition of nine traditional Chinese medicines planted in Qiandongnan prefecture. The results showed that there was great difference in heavy metal content among nine tested traditional Chinese medicines and the Pb, Cd, Hg and As content in nine tested traditional Chinese medicines was 0.09-28.60 mg/kg, 0.01-1.07 mg/kg, 0.01-0.28 mg/ kg and 0. 02 - 1. 60mg/kg respectively. Common dayflower, Tuber fleece flower and uncaria were the obvious enrichment from Cd in soil. Pb was the first pollution factor, followed by Cd. Nine tested traditional Chinese medicines all were not polluted by Hg and As. Uncaria and eucommia ulmoides were seriously polluted by Pb and Lonicera japonica and uncaria were polluted by Cd at the middle level. Most traditional Chinese medicines were not polluted by heavy metals. Therefore, the good ecological environment in Qiandongnan orefecture is an ideal area of olantin~ traditional Chinese medicines.