儿童非形式推理的研究及展望

The Development and Prospect of Researches on Children's Informal Reasoning

非形式推理是指个体对有争议的、结构不良的问题提出观点,并利用理由推导出该观点具有合理性的推理过程,是儿童对有争议的问题发表观点或对结构不良问题进行论证过程中的主要推理形式。儿童从三岁左右就已经具有了非形式推理能力,并且随着年龄的增长其非形式推理能力逐渐提高,当前有三种模型对儿童非形式推理的一般过程进行了解释。在今后的研究中建立新的衡量标准,对非形式推理的发生时间、发展特点和培养模式进行更为细致的研究将是研究的出发点,如何用思维倾向与智力的结合来预测个体的非形式推理活动,如何将动态加工模型纳入到双系统作用模型的体系中更好的说明非形式推理的一般过程,将是研究的重点和难点。

Informal reasoning involves using reasons to support the opinion about the disputed and ill - structured problems. It is the main reasoning form when children try to express their opinions or argue about the ill - structured problems. Children about 3 years old already have informal reasoning ability, which increases gradually with age. Until now, there are three kinds of reasoning models which try to explain the general process of informal reasoning. The future research will be centered on how to refine informal reasoning＇s occurrence time, developmental characteristics and educational pattern. The focus and difficulty of future research will be on how to predict individual＇ s informal reasoning with the combination of thinking disposition and intelligence, how to integrate the dynamic processing model into dual - process theories of reasoning to explain the process of informal reasoning.