基于作物生长模型的冬小麦灌溉方案研究

Irrigation Scenarios of Winter Wheat Production Aided by Crop Growth Simulation Model

利用作物生长模拟模型(PS123),以黄淮海平原曲周砂壤土种植的冬小麦为例,对2 280个不同淡水灌溉方案和2 055个微咸水灌溉方案进行了模拟研究,分析了不同灌溉方案对作物生产力、水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,曲周地区多年冬小麦平均生产潜力为11.27 t/hm2,冬小麦最高生产潜力的最小需水量为240 mm,与目前节水灌溉试验相吻合;通过灌溉方案模拟,提出了在冬小麦生育期淡水灌溉1到4次,获得高产的最佳灌溉方案;在灌溉4次的冬小麦生产体系中,建议冬前用淡水灌溉,返青后可以考虑1～2次微咸水灌。

The crop yield and soil water balance of the winter wheat,which was planted in sandy loam soil of Quzhou county,North China Plain,were simulated under the different irrigation scenarios by using the crop simulation model（PS123）.The 2 280 fresh water irrigation and 2 055 saline water irrigation scenarios were designed for this simulation study and crop yield and water use efficiency were analyzed.The yearly average potential production of winter wheat in this study area reached 11.27 t/hm2.The minimum irrigation capacity in 1999—2000 growing season is 240 mm for maximum yield,which is consist with the result of saving water experiments.The optimal irrigation scenarios for high crop yield and water use efficiency were identified in the case of 1,2,3,4 irrigation times of crop growing season.One fresh water irrigation before winter and 1-2 saline water irrigations for winter wheat were suggested for the rational use of underground brackish water.