汉语条件句标记及其语序类型

The Marker of Chinese Conditional Sentences and Its Word Order

跨语言地来看,条件句的标记手段主要有独立连接词、动词形式、语序和语调,其中以前三种最为常见。汉语使用的手段主要是第一种,包括连词、具有连接功能的副词和语气助词。汉语以连词前置于条件小句为优势语序,这种语序模式与汉语的VO语序及使用前置词的语言类型特征相和谐。几个看似违反这一优势语序的例外现象也可以得到合理的解释。

According to cross-linguistic studies, the marking strategies of conditional sentences have four forms, connectives, verb forms, word order, and intonation, among which the first three are the most common ones. Connectives are used as the dominant marker in Chinese conditional sentences, including conjunctions, adverbs with connective functions, and particles. The conjunction being put before the conditional clause is the predominant word order of the Chinese conditional sentences, which is in concordance with the Chinese typological word order of VO proposition. Several exceptions of this word order can thus be explained as a result.