日本大正时代政治思想述论

Review on Political Thoughts in the Taisyou Times in Japan

大正时代(1912—1926)是一个"主义盛行"的时代。首先是作为对明治中后期专制政治的反拨,出现了资产阶级自由民主主义阵营的吉野作造的民本主义思想和美浓部达吉批判"天皇主权说"的"天皇机关说"。其次是以彻底改造日本社会为目标的社会主义思想和无政府主义思想的出现。其三是随着日本帝国主义对外扩张受阻,产生了宣扬对内专制、对外侵略扩张的法西斯主义思想。虽然前两种思想因自身的缺陷和日本政府的镇压而渐趋退潮,但却对战后日本政治思想产生了重要影响。

The Taisyou times（1912-1926） was the ism-dominating times.At first,as the correction of despotism of the late middle Meiji period,Yosino Sakuzou,who belonged to the bourgeois free democratic ism,put forward the people-based ism and Minobe Tatukichi advanced the viewwhich reduced Mikado＇s power.Second,the socialist thought and anarchist ideology which aimed at completely revolutionized the Japanese society appeared.Third,with the obstruction of the expansion of the Japanese imperialism,the fascism which advocated despotism internally and invasion and expansion externally arose.Although these two thoughts faded away owing to their own defects and the suppression by the government,they produced great influence on the Japanese political thoughts after the war.