霍布斯对个人自然权利的理论推定

On the Presumption of Hobbes's Individual Natural Rights

在现代政治理论中,个人自然权利观念仍是具有争议的论题,霍布斯是近代以来第一个系统地对这一论题进行阐述的理论家。通过分析霍布斯的理论可以看出,他把人的欲望天性作为个人自然权利的逻辑起点,把个人生命欲求的正当性作为个人自然权利的基础,把个人生命存在的正当性作为个人自然权利的核心,把个人生命保全行为的正当性作为个人自然权利的最终形式,由此论证了具有现代性意义的个人自然权利对西方自由主义思想产生的重要影响。

The individual natural rights theory is the controversial issue in the modern political theory,and Hobbes is the first theorist who has a systemic explanation on it.According to the theory of Hobbes,he argues that the desire nature of a person is the starting point of individual natural rights,the legitimacy of the desire of the life is the foundation of individual natural rights,the legitimacy of the existence of the life is the core of individual natural rights,the legitimacy of the preservation of the life is the external form of individual natural rights. In a word,he proved that modernity individual natural rights.It has an important effect on the western liberalism.