不同温度和光照对温室番茄光合作用及果实品质的影响

Effect of temperature and light to tomato photosynthesis and quality in greenhouse

【目的】通过加温和补光,研究温室番茄光合特性、叶绿素含量和果实品质的变化规律,为西北地区日光温室番茄精准化管理,以及光合效应和经济效益的提高提供理论依据。【方法】以"金鹏1号"为材料,研究不同的温度和光照强度对开花期番茄功能叶片光合参数、叶绿素含量及果实品质的影响。【结果】在同一温度条件下,随光照强度增加,番茄叶片净光合速率(Pn)增加,但气温超过30℃时随光照强度增加Pn降低;叶绿素a和b含量随着光照强度的增加而有所降低,而叶绿素a/b值增加;光照强度增加,番茄果实中Vc、可溶性糖、可溶性固性物含量和糖酸比增加,有机酸含量降低。在同一光照强度下,随温度的增加,番茄叶片Pn增加,在30℃时番茄植株光合作用最强,超过30℃后番茄叶片Pn随温度上升而逐渐下降。随温度和光照强度增加,番茄叶片的气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)呈增加趋势,但各处理间差异不显著,胞间CO2浓度减小,但差异也不显著;叶绿素a和b含量增加,a/b值呈下降趋势;果实糖酸比降低。【结论】在相同温度下,光照强度越强番茄的光合作用越好,品质也越好。西北地区早春茬温室番茄适宜的平均温光条件分别是26.6℃和395μmol/(m2.s)。

【Objective】 By heating,ventilating and supplementary lighting in the greenhouse,we studied the evolution of photosynthetic characteristics and quality of tomato,then provided theoritical evidence for precision management of tomato in greenhouse in the northwestern areas,as well as the improvement of the photosynthetic effects and economic benefits.【Method】 Using ＂Jinpeng One＂ as material,effect of different temperature and light conditions on chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,and chlorophyll a/b changes and quality of the tomatoes＇functional leaves cultivated in the greenhouse was studied.【Result】 Under the same temperature,as the light intensity increased,the tomatoes＇photosynthetic rate increased,but decreased when the temperature exceeded 30 ℃.The value of chlorophyll a/b,vitamin C,as well as soluble sugar content increased,while chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,and organic acid decreased with the incrense of light intensity.Under the same light intensity,with the increase in temperature,photosynthetic rate increased,and reached its highest level,but beyond 30 ℃,photosynthetic rate decreased.With the increase of temperature and light intensity,the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of tomato leaf increased,while the concentration of CO2 decreased,but with no significant difference between each treatment;chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b increased,while chlorophyll a/b value and the sugar acid ratio decreased.【Conclusion】 Under the same temperature,the more intense light the intensity is,the better the photosynthesis and quality are.The average temperature and light conditions of early spring tomato in the northwestern district are 26.6 ℃ and 395 μmol/（m2·s）.