不同矿物药材中重金属、有机质和浸出物含量的分析

Content analysis of heavy metals,organic matter and extract in different mineral drugs

【目的】系统测定和分析8种矿物药材生品和煅制品中的重金属、有机质和浸出物含量,为矿物药材的质量控制提供科学依据。【方法】以自然铜、花蕊石、鹅管石、海浮石、银精石、金精石、金礞石和青礞石为供试矿物药材,采用原子吸收光谱法、原子荧光光谱法测定其重金属（Cu、Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg、As）含量,采用重铬酸钾氧化-外加热法测定有机质含量,按照药典中规定的浸出物测定方法测定浸出物含量。【结果】矿物药材样品中重金属、有机质和浸出物的含量在不同药材间以及同种药材的生品与煅制品间差异显著,其中8种矿物药材生品中Cu、Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg、As含量分别为1.58～10 646.35,7.16～267.95,1.87～79.15,0.00～32.52,0.004～0.799,7.62～134.54 mg/kg,煅制品中的含量分别为2.21～2 357.54,6.50～135.47,2.00～16.23,0.00～28.22,0.000～0.177,4.56～192.81mg/kg;8种矿物药材生品和煅制品中有机质含量分别为2.10～115.32和0.89～9.36 g/kg;8种矿物药材生品和煅制品中水提冷浸法获得的浸出物含量分别为0.25%～4.99%和0.50%～3.24%,水提热浸法分别为0.37%～3.92%和0.25%～3.26%,醇提冷浸法分别为0.23%～1.45%和0.16%～1.29%,醇提热浸法分别为0.20%～1.47%和0.19%～1.53%。【结论】重金属、有机质、浸出物含量在8种矿物药材中差别很大,且各指标含量之间并不具有特定的规律性,需进一步结合相应的药理试验结果,才能科学合理的制定出矿物药材的质量标准。

【Objective】 The contents of heavy metals,organic matter and extract in eight different mineral drugs,raw and calcined,were systematically determined to provide more basic data for the quality control of mineral drugs.【Method】 The atomic absorption spectrometry,atomic fluoresence spectrometry and potassium dichromate oxidation were applied in this experiment to determinate the contents of heavy metals,organic matter and extract.【Result】 There are significant differences in the content of heavy metals,organic matter and extract of different mineral drugs or raw and calcined samples of same mineral drug.The content of Cu,Pb,Cd,Cr,Hg and As in the raw samples of the eight mineral drugs are 1.58-10 646.35,7.16-267.95,1.87-79.15,0.00-32.52,0.004-0.799,7.62-134.54 mg/kg,in the calcined samples 2.21-2 357.54,6.50-135.47,2.00-16.23,0.00-28.22,0.000-0.177 and 4.56-192.81 mg/kg;the contents of organic matter in the raw and calcined samples of the eight mineral drugs are 2.10-115.32 and 0.89-9.36 g/kg;the contents of extract by cold water in the raw and calcined samples of the eight mineral drugs are 0.25%-4.99% and 0.50%-3.24%,by hot water 0.37%-3.92% and 0.25%-3.26%,by cold ethanol 0.23%-1.45% and 0.16%-1.29%,by hot ethanol 0.20%-1.47% and 0.19%-1.53%.【Conclusion】 The contents of heavy metals,organic matter and extract in eight mineral drugs are rather different,and there is not a certain regularty among them.Corresponding pharmacology experiments are needed to establish a scientific and reasonable quality standard for mineral drugs.