秋水仙素诱导西瓜多倍体的研究

Study on Colchicines Induced Polyploid Plants and Identification of Citrullus lanatus

研究了不同浓度秋水仙素处理对3个西瓜品系幼苗染色体加倍的诱导效应,通过形态观察、染色体计数以及流式细胞仪等方法进行了倍性鉴定。结果表明,秋水仙素诱导3个西瓜品系均得到了四倍体,0.3%的秋水仙素处理幼苗的变异率较高,其中以0.3%秋水仙素处理黄小玉母本的变异率最高,达15.1%。四倍体表现出叶片长、宽、厚均增大,花瓣大小和果皮厚度均较二倍体明显增加。根尖染色体压片检查表明,四倍体染色体数为2n=4x=44,二倍体对照为2n=2x=22。流式细胞仪检测结果表明,诱导不仅产生四倍体,还有嵌合体。

The effects of colchicine concentration on the apicalmeristems of the seedlings in three species of Citrullus lanatus have been conducted in this study, and the ploidy level was identified by morphological trait, chromosome number and flow cytometry techniques. The results showed that treated Citrullus lanatus with 0.3% colchicine lead to a high mutation rate, and the highest mutation rate （up to 15.1%） was achieved in the female parent of Huangxiaoyu by treatment of 0.3% colchicine. All the three tested species of Citrullus lanatus have obtained a number of tetraploidy plants. The tetraploid plants exibited leaf length width and thichness are increased bigger than those of diploid, petal size and pericarp thickness significantly increased. The choromosome number of mutated plants was 2n=4x=44, while that of the control plants was 2n=2x =22. Flow cytometry results showed that the induced not only tetraploid but chimera.