生态学、美学与道教修炼

Ecology, Aesthetics and Daoist Body Cultivation

道教修炼可以作为一种培养生态敏感性的方法。在西方重写环境保护主义的传统中,梅洛-庞蒂认为身体构成了现象学经验的基础,但他没有发展出内在身体的观念,舒斯特曼则提倡一种身体美学,以之作为训练身体体验世界的方法。而在道教传统中,修习者则通过修炼来改进和提高内在身体的体验及其与世界的联系。道教修炼关注内部身体丰富的知觉经验,旨在消融身体与世界之间经验上的界限,并创造出身体与世界彼此融合的体验,这种体验可以成为生态敏感性的美学基础。

This paper proposes that Daoist body cultivation can be used as a means to develop an ecological sensitivity. It does so by examining Daoist body cultivation in the light of Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology of the body, and Richard Shusterman’s concept of ‘somaesthetics’. The former proposed that the body constitutes the basis for phenomenological experience, but did not develop the idea of the inner body. The latter proposed the concept of the methods for training body’s experience of the world. Using these theoretical approaches to understanding aesthetic experience, it analyzes Daoist body cultivation as a means by which Daoism sought to refine and develop inner experience and its relation to the world. The paper proposes that some Daoist cultivation methods aimed to dissolve the experiential boundary between body and the world and created an experience of the mutual interpenetration of body and the world. Such an experience can form the aesthetic basis for ecological sensitivity.