试论形而上学的层次结构--对康德形而上学体系的修正

On the Layered Structure of Metaphysics: a New Revision of Kant’s Metaphysics System

将形而上学的层次结构展示出来,即呈现为一个以其抽象程度递增的金字塔:质料的形而上学—形式的形而上学—理念的形而上学—方法的形而上学。对其中的各个层次,康德在不同程度上都有所涉及,只是具体内容有所不同。与康德的形而上学体系相比,这里对各个层次都做了一定的改变,其中质料的形而上学改变最多,理念的形而上学改变最少,对形式的形而上学和方法的形而上学做了重要的补充和修正。质料的形而上学的出发点正是笛卡尔的"我思故我在",而康德对此没有给予应有的重视。

The paper reveals a layered structure of metaphysics, which is a pyramid with the increasing abstraction from bottom to top: i.e. metaphysics of matter, metaphysics of form, metaphysics of idea, and metaphysics of method. Every layer of the structure was discussed by Kant in different degree and with some different content. In contrast to Kant’s system of metaphysics, this structure makes some changes in every layer. Among them, there are the most changes in the metaphysics of matter, the least changes in the metaphysics of idea, some other important complements and amendments made to the metaphysics of form and method. The start point of the metaphysics of matter is Descartes' proposition: ‘I think, therefore I am’, to which Kant didn’t pay enough attention.