论冲突规则的候补强制性

On the Alternate Mandatory in the Rule of Conflict

关于冲突规则是任意适用还是强制适用这一重大问题,国际上有"任意性冲突法"和"强制性冲突法"两种理论和实践。从我国的立法来看,冲突规则的适用具有强制性,但司法实践中的做法并不完全符合这一原则。学术界也没有一致的观点,主流观点肯定冲突规则的强制性,但冲突规则的任意性理论受到越来越多的赞同。在对我国涉外民商事审判实践进行了大量微观的实证研究之后,结合相关法律和最高法院文件的精神,并考虑到私法规则的普遍属性,可以认为冲突规则应当具有"候补强制性"。

With regard to the nature of conflict rules, there are two kinds of theories and practices that called ‘facultative choice of law’ and ‘mandatory choice of law’. From the legislative viewpoint of our country, conflict rules are mandatory, but judicial practice is not fully in line with this principle. There is no academic consensus about it too, and more and more scholars agree with the conflict rules is facultative. After a large number of micro-empirical study on Chinese judicial practice on civil and commercial material matters involved foreign elements, combined with the spirit of relevant laws and the Supreme Court’s files, and taken into account of the general nature of private property. We can draw a conclusion that the traditional conflict rules are alternately mandatory.