近代上海商民运动中的店员工商界限之争

On Debates of Salesclerk's Identity as Worker or Merchant in Modern Shanghai's Mercantile Class Movement

有关店员以及店员工会的归属,一直是商民运动时期颇有争议的一个问题。国民党起初要求店员加入商民协会,导致同一商民协会内部存在店员和店东两方面的竞争;稍后又决定使店员脱离商民协会而单独组织店员工会,隶属于总工会之下,归各级党部工人部管辖。但店员与店东的纠纷不仅没有减少,反而较诸此前大量增加,上海等地的商民协会又要求将店员划为商人,加入商民协会。国民党中央先是强调与商店资本有关系之店员,可以加入商民协会,无关系者加入店员工会。但不久之后又规定,店员为商民协会成分之一,店员总会隶属于商民协会。如此反复变化,说明商民运动时期的国民党对店员与店员工会的归属,并没有全面统一的认识,缺乏一以贯之的政策,只是根据实际情况作临时性的应对,推行一些权宜之策。

It is a long debate about the salesclerk's identity as worker or merchant in the period of mercantile class movement.At the beginning,the Nationalist Party(Kuomintang) required salesclerks to participate in the association of mercantile class which led to the struggle between salesmen and shop owners in the same association.Then the Nationalist Party asked salesclerks to leave the association of mercantile class and organize their own labor union of salesclerks,which belonged to the general labor union.However,the disputes between salesclerks and shop owners increased.Those associations of mercantile class in Shanghai and other cities required that salesclerks should be identified as merchants and ask them to rejoin in merchant associations.So the Nationalist Party decided that those salesclerks who had relation with the shop's capital may join in merchant associations,those of no such relation with capital may join in salesclerk labor union.But soon the party claimed that salesclerks were parts of merchant associations and salesclerk union was belong to merchant ones.Such repeated change in fact showed that the National Party had no clear cognition about the identity of salesclerk and salesclerk labor union and had no sustained policies.