东方白鹳繁殖期行为时间分配及日节律

Behaviors time budget and diurnal rhythm of Ciconia boyciana in its breeding season

2009年3—6月,采用扫描取样法对在黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区内繁殖成功的4对东方白鹳的行为活动进行了观察,同时对东方白鹳在繁殖期的行为时间分配和日节律进行了研究。结果表明:繁殖期各行为时间所占比例依次是繁殖22.17%±21.69%(其中孵化19.75%±20.71%,晾卵1.31%±2.16%,育幼1.00%±1.01%,交配0.11%±0.32%),静栖19.09%±13.94%,修巢6.40%±5.92%,警戒3.94%±4.88%,理羽3.11%±2.31%,其他行为45.27%±11.08%;在繁殖不同时期各行为差异显著(P<0.01)。东方白鹳在繁殖期不同阶段行为活动存在一定节律,并且不同阶段日节律明显不同。此外,温度与晾卵(r=0.810,P<0.01)、孵化(r=-0.518,P<0.01)行为显著相关;车辆数与警戒(r=0.745,P<0.01)、静栖(r=0.612,P<0.01)行为显著相关。

By the method of scan sampling, an observation from March to June 2009 was made on the behaviors of four pairs Ciconia boyciana in the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve, with the behaviors time budget and diurnal rhythm in breeding season studied. In the breeding season, the time budget proportion of breeding behavior accounted for 22.17%±21.69% （hatching 19.75%±20.71%, drying egg 1.31%±2.16%, feeding 1.00%±1.01%, mating 0.11%±0.32%）, and that of resting, nest fixing, alerting, preening, and others accounted for 19.09%±13.94%, 6.40%±5.92%, 3.94%±4.88%, 3.11%±2.31%, and 45.27%±11.08%, respectively. The behaviors excited significant differences （P〈0.01） during diff erent stages of the breeding season. The behavioral activities of C. boyciana at different stages of breeding season had definite rhythm, and the diurnal rhythm differed obviously. There existed significant correlations between temperature and drying egg （r=0.810, P〈0.01）, hatching （r=0.735, P〈0.01）, vehicles number and alerting （r=0.745, P〈0.01）, and resting （r=0.612, P〈0.01）.