基于高分辨率影像和GIS的辛庄镇景观动态变化

Dynamic changes of landscape in Xinzhuang town based on high-resolution remote image and GIS

利用1980、1991、2001和2009年4期高分辨率(空间分辨率≤1m)遥感影像,选择景观动态度、转移矩阵和景观格局指数等方法,对常熟市辛庄镇景观变化总体特征、变化速率、转移流向以及景观水平和类型水平的格局特征进行了分析。结果表明:1980—2009年间,水田面积急剧下降,旱地和水体面积也逐渐减少;居民用地、工业用地和鱼塘面积持续快速增加;其他类型景观面积变化不太显著。水田始终是研究区景观转化最主要的"源",主要转移去向是鱼塘、工业用地和居民用地;2001年前,鱼塘和居民用地是景观转化的"汇";2001年后,随着农村城镇化和工业化的加速发展,建设用地成为最主要的"汇",工业用地和居民用地的转入贡献率逐渐增加。在景观水平上,研究区景观格局破碎化程度日益严重,异质性逐渐增加,景观优势类型对景观整体的控制作用逐渐减弱,景观向多样化和均匀化趋势发展。在类型水平上,居民用地、鱼塘和工业用地呈连片发展趋势,优势度不断加大,水田的优势地位逐渐降低;各时期水田和水域的最大斑块指数(LPI)值远大于其他景观类型,但随着时间的推移,居民用地、工业用地和鱼塘的LPI值逐渐增大。水域和旱地的景观形状指数(LSI)值最大,水田、居民用地和鱼塘次之,表明这几类景观形状较为复杂,其余各类景观的形状相对规则。

By using 1980, 1991, 2001, and 2009 high-resolution （spatial resolution≤1 m） remote sensing images, and selecting dynamic degree, transfer matrix, and landscape pattern metrics as the indices, this paper analyzed the holistic characteristics of landscape change, its rate and transfer flow direction, and pattern characteristics at landscape and class levels in Xinzhuang town of Changshu city. In 1980-2009, the paddy field in the town had a sharp decrease, dry land and water area also decreased, residential land, industrial land, and fish pond kept rapid increase, while the other landscape types changed less. Paddy field was all along the most important ＂source＂ of land-use conversion, with the main transfer destination being fish pond, industrial land, and residential land. Before 2001, fish pond and residential land were the ＂sinks＂ of the land-use conversion; after 2001, with the rapid rural urbanization and industrialization, construction land gradually became the most important ＂sink＂ of land-use conversion, and the contribution of industrial land and residential land increased. At landscape level, the fragmentation and heterogeneity increased, dominance decreased, and landscape was more diversified and homogenized. At class level, the dominance of residential land, fish pond, and industrial land increased but that of paddy field decreased, the LPI of paddy field and water area was much greater than that of other landscape types at each period, and the LPI of residential land, industrial land, and fish pond increased gradually over time. The LSI of water area and dry land was the largest, followed by paddy field, residential land, and fish pond, indicating that these landscape types were more complex, while the others were relatively regular.