农村老年人膳食微量元素摄入水平调查

Dietary intake of trace elements among rural elderly people

目的了解四川省农村≥65岁老年人膳食微量元素摄入情况和食物来源。方法采集当地粮食、蔬菜等食物样品,测定其中8种微量元素的含量,结合膳食问卷调查结果计算个体日常膳食微量元素摄入情况。结果114份样品中各种微量元素的检出率均>80%;人群膳食Se、Ca、Cu、Fe、Zn每天平均摄入量分别为(14.325±8.914)μg,(333.407±269.785),(3.109±4.890),(18.179±27.515),(6.902±3.493)mg,其中Se、Ca、Cu、Fe和Zn的摄入量均有>50%的老年人低于日推荐摄入量或日适宜摄入量;对人体有毒性作用的Cd和Pb周摄入量超过WHO推荐的周允许摄入量的老年人分别有439和154人;除男性膳食Cu日摄入量明显高于女性(P<0.001)外,其他膳食微量元素摄入情况性别差异无统计学意义。结论四川省农村老年人膳食必需微量元素摄入量普遍不足,对人体有毒性作用的Cd和Pb摄入量严重超标。

Objective To know dietary intake and food source of trace elements in the rural elderly above 65 years old in Sichuan province.Methods Local grain,vegetable and other food samples were collected and eight trace elements in the samples were detected.Then the daily dietary intake of the trace elements were calculated based on the result of daily dietary questionnaire survey.Results The detection rate of all 8 trace elements was above 80% in the 114 food samples.The average daily intake of Se,Ca,Cu,Fe,Zn,Cd,Pb,and Al were 14.325±8.914 μg/day,333.407±269.785,3.109±4.890,18.179±27.515,6.902±3.493,0.011±0.017,0.009±0.017,and 1.375±1.037 mg/day,respectively.Over 50% of the study population had the intake of Se,Ca,Cu,Fe,and Zn lower than reference nutrient intake or adequate intake;43.9% and 16.2% of study population had dietary intake of Cd and Pb exceeding the provisional tolerable weekly intake.All food intake of trace elements had no gender difference except for Cu（P0.001）.Conclusion Dietary intake of trace elements is generally inadquate among the rural elderly in Sichuan province.Dietary intake of Cd and Pb in the population exceeds the daily limit seriously.