云南省某地强制戒毒所内吸毒者HIV危险行为及HIV感染调查

An evaluation study on HIV risk behaviors and infections in four detoxification centers in Yunnan province of China

目的对艾滋病(AIDS)高发地区的强制戒毒所内,吸毒者在所内的高危行为及艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染情况进行评估。方法采用回顾性队列研究设计,招募在戒毒所内戒毒超过1年者为研究对象,收集其在入所时HIV检测结果,并在其出所前进行第二次HIV检测。采用面对面问卷调查的方法,收集研究对象的一般人口学特征、艾滋病相关知识、入所前性行为和吸毒行为,以及入所后的HIV危险行为,包括所内偷吸、共用吸毒用具和同性性行为。HIV检测采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)初筛和蛋白印迹试验(WB)确证。结果共招募研究对象499人,8人报告在所内吸食过海洛因。所内没有人自我报告男男同性性行为。在214名入所时检测HIV阴性的吸毒者中,出所时检测未发现HIV阳性者。在198名入所时未检测者中,出所时检测发现1名无所内HIV危险行为的吸毒者HIV阳性。结论该次研究未发现所内HIV危险行为和所内HIV感染,但有所内偷吸毒品的现象,因此要严格防止毒品和注射用具进入强制戒毒所或羁押场所。

Objective To evaluate HIV risk behaviors and HIV infections within detoxification centers in a HIV prevalent area.Methods A retrospective cohort study design was used. Subjects were drug users who had been exposed to detoxification in these centers for more than 1 year. HIV sero-status of eligible drug users when they entered the detoxification centers was collected and HIV tests were performed before they left the centers. Demographic information, HIV knowledge, out-detoxification center （ODC） drug using behaviors, ODC sexual behaviors, in-detoxification center （IDC） drug use and IDC sex behaviors were collected by trained local CDC staffs. ELISA and Western Blot （WB） were used for HIV screening and confirming tests. Results Four hundred and ninety nine eligible drug users were recruited. Of them 8 reported using heroin within detoxification centers and two of them were injecting drugs. No drug users reported IDC homosexual activities. Of the 214 drug users who were tested HIV negative when they entered the centers, no one was tested positive when they left . Of the 198 drug users who were not tested at their entry, one was tested positive at their departure without IDC risk sex behavior . Conclusion This study found no HIV infections or HIV risk behaviors within detoxification centers. However, IDC drug using was reported , so access to drug and injecting tools should be avoided there.