生命崇拜与“帝”崇拜——一种对商人形成中的宇宙意识的探寻

Worship for Life and Worship for Di——A Study on the Forming of Businessman's Universe Concept

就"帝"字的字形演变来看,"帝"的原型当是花蒂。不过,"帝"崇拜并不是一种普泛地存在于人类早期社会的生殖崇拜。在商人那里,无论是对玄鸟(包括王亥等祖先神)的崇拜,还是对风、云、雷、土(社)、日、月、星辰、方、水等的崇拜,抑或是对河、岳的崇拜,都发动于对"生"之"命"的眷注,也都辐辏于"帝"崇拜。"帝"崇拜,说到底,是对生命的崇拜。在这种崇拜中,寄托了崇拜者对生命的珍爱和对生命的秘密的眷注。商人崇"帝"的这种生命崇拜意识并没有随着武王伐纣、周取代商而成为一种历史的绝响,在一定意义上,可以说,以"生生之谓易"为主题词的《周易》和由此拓辟开来的以生成性、整体性为特征的宇宙论,都可以溯源到"帝"崇拜;这一点反过来又为"帝"的原型乃是花蒂作了绝佳的印证。

In terms of the development of the character of Di,its original form is bud.But the worship for Di was not widespread in early days.For businessmen,their worship for Xuanniao or their worship for wind,cloud,thunder,etc.originated from their devotion to Life and concentrated on the worship for Di.The worship for Di was the worship for Life by nature.Worshippers expressed their love to Life and devotion to the secret of life.Businessmen＇s worship for Di didn＇t disappear because of the fact that the Shang Dynasty was replaced by the Zhou Dynasty.To some degree,Zhouyi and Universe Theory characterized by generation and entirety can be dated back to the worship for Di,which provides a perfect proof to support that the original form of Di is bud.