苏北农林生境蚂蚁多样性及群落结构研究

Community structure and species diversity of ants in Xuzhou,Jiangsu Province

通过诱捕法和样方调查法获得苏北地区农林生境蚂蚁4亚科11属14种。优势种为铺道蚁(Tetramorium cae-spitum)、针毛收获蚁(Messor aciculatus)、中华小家蚁(Monomorium chinense)和日本弓背蚁(Camponotus japonicus)。从生境分布来看,前2种亦是研究区域的广布种。根据调查数据分析了该地区7种农林生境中蚂蚁群落的结构及多样性特征,以及人为干扰和生境异质性对蚂蚁群落的影响。结果表明:7种生境中蚂蚁群落种类组成和多样性等指标均不相同。山地针叶阔叶林中蚂蚁群落种类数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)最高;蔬菜果园农田蚂蚁群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)最低。人类干扰越强的生境,蚂蚁群落多样性指数越低;生境质量和异质性越高的生境,蚂蚁群落多样性指数越高。PCA分析可将这7种生境蚂蚁群落分为3大类型。相关分析与群落结构PCA分析结果基本一致。

Ant specimens of 4 subfamilies,11 genera and 14 species were collected through traping and sample plot methods in Xuzhou area,Jiangsu.The dominant species were Tetramorium caespitum,Messor aciculatus,Monomorium chinense and Camponotus japonicus.The first two species were widely distributed over the study area.Species composition,species diversity,and similarity of ant communities in seven habitats were analyzed,and the influence of human activity and habitat heterogeneity on them were examined.We found that species composition and diversity index of ant communities were significantly different in the seven habitats.The number of species,Shannon-wiener index（H′） and Pielou index（J） in deciduous pine and cypress forest were the highest,while the diversity index in vegetable and garden farmlands was the lowest.The highest diversity index was observed in the habitats with high quality and high heterogeneity.Similarities of ant communities between dry farmlands and rice farmlands and vegetable and garden farmlands and residential districts were much more higher than others.