超临界甲醇在化学反应中的应用

Applications of Supercritical Methanol in Chemical Reactions

超临界流体技术在绿色化工过程中的应用范围不断拓宽。由于超临界甲醇具有独特的物理和化学性质,它既是反应介质,也是反应物,因此,超临界甲醇下的化学反应研究得到人们广泛的关注。本文在介绍超临界甲醇独特的物理化学特性的基础上,综述了近年来超临界甲醇体系在有机合成、生物柴油的制备、生物质处理和高聚物的降解等方面的应用研究进展,重点对超临界甲醇下各种反应的影响因素进行了分析讨论。最后,展望了超临界甲醇在甲醇化工中的应用前景。

One of the very promising and fast growing branches of green chemistry is the application of supercritical fluids for important chemical processes. Due to the unique properties of supereritical methanol, it has attracted much attention and has been widely used in the green chemical processes. In this paper, after the introduction of the properties of supercritieal methanol, recent advances in chemical reactions, such as using supercritical methanol as both of reaction media and reactant for organic synthesis, biodiesel production, biomass transformation and polymer decomposition, are reviewed. Details about these chemical reaction conditions and related results are presented. Finally, the outlook of supercritical methanol in the chemical synthesis based on methanol is also proposed.