豫东平原夏玉米平衡施钾效应研究

Effects of Balanced Fertilization on Summer Maize in the Eastern Plains of Henan Province

为实现平衡施肥，提高豫东平原夏玉米产量，在3个试验点采用大田试验研究了土壤养分状况系统研究法（ASI）推荐平衡施钾对潮土夏玉米产量、钾素积累及钾肥效率的影响。结果表明：不同肥料配施较不施肥显著提高夏玉米产量，增产率为22．61％～49．95％，氮磷钾平衡施肥比农民习惯施肥平均增产7．06％，施用钾肥平均增产10．11％，施用硫肥没有增产效果。施用钾肥增加了植株钾素积累量，钾肥利用率、农学效率和偏生产力平均分别为33．47％、5．98kg／kg和61.22kg／kg。在豫东平原夏玉米上平衡施钾具有较好的效应，但应注意合理施用钾肥。

In order to achieve balanced fertilization, increase yield of summer maize in the eastern plains of Henan, three field experiments was conducted to study the effects of recommended fertilization by ASI （a systematic approach for determining soil nutrient contents） on yield of summer maize and potassium fertilizer efficiency. The results showed that fertilization can significantly increase the yield of summer maize, and the increased rate is 22.6%--49.95%. Balanced fertilization（N,P2O5 and K20） could increase grain yield significantly with a mean of 7.06% compared with lamer habits fertilization. The average increase rate is 10.11% by potassium fertilizer application. But sulfur fertilizer showed no effect on yield increasing. Potassium fertilizer application could increase potassium accumulation of summer maize plant. The average recovery efficiency of applied K was 33. 47%, the agronomic efficiency was 5.98 kg/kg and the partial factor productivity was 61.22 kg/kg. The effect was good of potassium balanced application in the eastern plains of Henan, and the peasants should apply rationally potassium fertilizer to summer maize.