缓解河北农业用水紧缺的技术与对策

On the Technologies and Countermeasures about Alleviating Agricultural Water Shortage in Hebei

缓解河北农业用水紧缺问题,主要可从开源和节流2个方面着手。通过开发利用微咸水资源来增加农业灌溉用水量;改进地面灌溉方式、利用管道代替明渠灌溉,提高灌溉水利用效率;发展农艺节水措施,提高农田水分利用效率;加强水权水价管理,减少无效灌溉浪费;利用现代信息技术监测农田墒情,指导农业适时适量灌溉;调整农业种植结构,发展粮食、经济和饲料作物三元化农业。农业节水更需要政府的支持与引导,鼓励支持农业节水技术的发展。在政策层面,需制定合理水资源利用规划;实行农业用水总量控制与定额管理;推行水价制度改革;将环境的保护和可持续发展同政府绩效挂钩;划定地下水禁止开采区或者限制开采区等。

We can alleviate the agricultural water shortages in revenue and reducing expenditure aspects.Such as,developing and using the brackish water to increase the irrigation water;improving surface irrigation methods which using the pipes to transfer the water to the fields to increase the irrigation water use efficiency;developing the field water saving technology to improve the WUE;strengthen the managements of water use to reduce the irrigation water waste;using the modern information technology for monitoring agricultural soil moisture content to guide the farmers to irrigate timely and economically;adjusting the agricultural planting structure which including the food-crops,the economic-crops and the fodder-crops.Also agriculture water saving need the support of government.It is needed to formulate the reasonable planning of water resources and control the total volume of irrigation water used.Also reforming the water pricing system and delineating the prohibited or limited groundwater mining areas are very useful to saving water.Mostly the government should hook the government performance to environmental protection and sustainable development to avoid the abuse of policy power.