采矿迹地生态重建模式研究

Study on the ecological reconstruction patterns at abandoned mine land

以唐山矿业开发密集地区为例,针对该地区矿点数量多、采矿迹地面积大,且具有生态环境破坏严重、恢复难度大的特点,通过选取典型的采矿迹地进行定点试验,提出8种生态重建模式:即开采塌陷区生态园林景观重建模式;废弃物充填露天采坑发展经济林重建模式;排土场生态防护林重建模式;水土保持林、草生态护坡模式;发展生态农业重建模式;石埂梯田全覆土果、药间作生态重建模式;风沙防护林生态重建模式;高陡岩质边坡植被重建模式。实践表明:这几种生态重建模式的实施产生了显著的生态、社会和经济效益,同时对于类似的采矿迹地生态重建具有一定的借鉴意义。

In study, the exploited clusters of Tangshan Mining, where has features of a large number of mines, broad areas of mining, severely damaged ecological environment and the difficulties in recovery, was taken an example, eight kinds of ecological reconstruction modes are proposed through choosing the typical abandoned mine land to carry out fixed-point tests. They cover ecological landscape reconstruction pattern in coal mining subsidence areas; filling the waste in the pit to develop the economic forest; the ecological protection forest reconstruction pattern in the dump; the mode of using soil and water to protect forest and grass; developing ecological agriculture; the full scale of fruits and medicine intereropping in the stone ridge terrace; model of ecological reconstruction sand shelter as well as high and steep rock slope revegetation pattern. The practices have shown that the implementation of these ecological reconstruction patterns in Tangshan city have generated a significant ecological, social and economic results, while these patterns also produce a positive effect for the ecological reconstruction in the similar abandoned main land.