太平天国奠都前后南京人数剧减原因探析

Analysis on causes of the sharp decrease in population when Nanjingwas made a Capital by Taiping Heavenly Kingdom

南京原有人口近90万,但在太平天国奠都3个月统计人口时仅剩下15万。时人把人口剧减归咎于太平军的屠杀。然而,自太平军攻打南京至第一次人口统计(即1853年3月至6月)3个月间因各种因素死亡者仅8万至15.5万,与90万的记载相差甚远。实际上,人口剧减的主因是民众的逃亡,尤以太平军攻打南京前民众的逃亡为著。南京的例子表明,在研究战争时期的人口损失时需仔细考辨和分析逃亡人口的状况。

The sharp decrease in population, from nearly 900,000 originally to 150,000 registered by the Taiping Army three months after Nanjing was made their capital, was then blamed on that the Taiping Army massacred the inhabitants. In fact, during the three months（ March to June,1853） between the attack and the registration, only 80,000 to 155,000 died of various causes, against the 900,000 recorded. The major cause of the decrease was the mass refuge, especially just before the Taiping Army attacked Nanjing. Nanjing tells that, carefully distinguishing and analysing the mass refuge is important in the research on the population damage in the war.