喀喇昆仑山菊科菜蓟族植物研究

Study on Plants of Cynareae in the Karakorum Mountains,China

结合标本和实地考察,对喀喇昆仑山菊科菜蓟族植物进行了形态分类学研究。结果表明:该区菜蓟族植物共有3属17种,其中中国喀喇昆仑山新记录种1种(卵圆叶风毛菊Saussurea ovataBenth.),西藏新记录种1种〔丝路蓟Cirsium arvense(L.)Scop.〕;该区菜蓟族植物分别占中国菜蓟族属、种总数的7.3%和3.9%,占该区菊科植物属、种总数的12.0%和18.7%;多种属风毛菊属Saussurea含13种,占总种数的76.5%,构成该区菜蓟族植物的主要成分;该区与中国帕米尔高原属、种相似性系数分别为42.9%和42.3%,表明两地区联系紧密。本区菜蓟族有青藏高原特有种2种,青藏高原、喜马拉雅、昆仑山、帕米尔仅分布11种,两者占76.5%,比例较高,表明该区菜蓟族植物高原分布的区域性特征明显;生活型以地面芽植物为主,高达88.2%,一年生植物和地上芽植物各占5.9%。

The Karakorum Mountains are situated between the west Kunlun Mountains and the northwest Himalayan Mountains, their strike is from northwest to southeast, they are the boundary mountains between China and Kashmir and extend to the northwest fringe of the Qiangtang Plateau, the east section is separated by some down-faulted basins, and the average altitude is about 5 000 m a. s. 1. The Karakorum Mountains in China contain the high mountains in 4 counties including Taxkorgan, Yecheng, Pishan and Hotan of Xinjiang, and also the northwest of Ritu County in the Ali Region of Tibet. The climate in this area is cold and arid with insufficient precipitation and strong wind. The vegetation in this area includes the alpine desert, alpine steppe, alpine swamp meadow, etc. , and the vegetation types are peculiar. In this paper, the classification and distribution of Cynareae are re- searched based on the field investigation and specimen collection. About 17 species in 3 genera of Cynareae were recorded in the Karakorum Mountains in China. Among them there is 1 newly-recorded species of the Karakorum Mountains in China, i.e. Saussurea ovata Benth. , and 1 newly-record species of Xizang, i.e. Cirsilim arvense （ L. ） Scop. ; the plants in this area account for 7.3% of the genera and 3.9% of the species in Cynareae in Chi- na, and 12.0% of the genera and 18.7% of the species in Compositae. Saussurea is a monotypic genus being in the ascendant of Cynareae in the Karakorum Mountains in China. Saussurea contains 13 species, accounting for 76.5 % of the total. The relations of flora in the Karakorum Mountains in China are closer with that in the Pamirs of China, and the similarity coefficients of genera and species are 42.9% and 42.3% respectively. Cynareae in this area contains 2 endemic species of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, and 11 species are distributed only in the Qinghai- Tibetan Plateau, Himalaya, Kunlun Mountains and Pamirs of China. These 13 species account for 76.5%, which indicates that the regional character of Cynareae in this area is obvious. There are 3 life forms, i.e. the hemicryptophytes, therophytes and chamaephytes, the proportion of hemicryptophytes is as high as 88.2%, and that of the therophytes and chamaephytes repectively is 5.9% of the species.