圈养大熊猫群体间的基因流状况分析

State of Gene Flow between Captive Giant Pandas Populations

圈养群体的遗传管理一个非常重要的手段就是实现不同群体间的基因交流。为了全面评估大熊猫圈养群体间的基因流状况,本研究以卧龙中国大熊猫保护中心的31只圈养大熊猫(简称卧龙群体)和成都大熊猫繁育研究基地与楼观台陕西省珍稀野生动物抢救饲养研究中心的37只圈养大熊猫(简称成都群体,其中楼观台1只)为研究对象,以7个大熊猫微卫星位点为分子标记,发现卧龙群体和成都群体间的遗传分化水平很低(Fst=0.041,P=0.001);尽管整个圈养群体的近交程度较低(Fis=0.026),但是成都群体的近交系数(Fis=0.045)远高于卧龙群体的近交系数(Fis=0.002);谱系分析、贝叶斯分析和系统进化法分析均显示,这两个群体间存在着基因流,但是这种基因流是单向的。此结果提示各个大熊猫饲养单位之间必须实现更多的合作,将大熊猫群体作为一个管理单元进行管理,从而实现更多的基因流。

In order to investigate the gene flow between captive giant panda populations,we used blood samples or frozen sperms from 68 captive giant panda from the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding （referred to as Chengdu） and the China Research and Conservation Center for the Giant Panda （referred to as Wolong）. The information from 7 microsatellite loci shows that captive giant pandas maintained high genetic diversity with AR=4.66,A=4.71,Ho=0.617,and He=0.618 in Wolong and AR=4.76,A=4.86,Ho=0.611,and He=0.639 in Chengdu. Although there＇s a higher inbreeding level at Chengdu than at Wolong （Fis=0.045 in Chengdu and Fis=0.002 in Wolong）,the level of all captive giant pandas is low with Fis=0.026. There is a low level of genetic variabilities between Chengdu and Wolong with Fst= 0.041 （P=0.001）. Phylogenetic and Bayesian population genetic algorithms to STR variation show that gene flow is in one direction from Wolong to Chengdu,which is proved by the family tree of captive giant pandas. Therefore,managing captive giant pandas should shift its focus to exchanging individuals within breeding centers and/or zoos.