“的确/确实”的主观化与语法化——兼议“的确”与“确实”的差异

The Grammaticalization and Subjectivization of "de que"(的确) and "que shi"(确实) and their Differences

文章从共时层面上分析了“的确／确实”主观性程度在客观评注——客观／主观评注——主观评注——话语标记的差异。相应的，“的确／确实”出现的语境也有差别，表现在对照式语境——非对照式语境——独用语境方面。“的确／确实”在客观性的语体中出现频率偏低，这是其主观性特征的语体证明。“的确／确实”经历了单用、短语用法、形容词用法、副词用法的语法化过程。“的确”、“确实”在用法方面也存在着一定差异。

The paper begins with a synchronic analysis of ＂di que＂（的确） and＂que shi＂（确实）with different degrees of subjectivity which find expression in the continuum： objective comment 〉 objective/subjective comment 〉 subjective comment〉 discourse marker. The corresponding contexts of ＂di que＂ and＂que shi ＂vary with the changing situations, which find expression in the aspects of contrastive context, non--contrastive context and independent context. The research has proved that ＂di que＂ and ＂que shi ＂ seldom appear in the objective contexts, which is a stylistic evidence to the subjective feature of ＂di que＂ and ＂que shi ＂. The grammaticalization process of ＂di que＂ and ＂que shi ＂ finds expression in their independent use, their uses in phrases or as adjectives or adverbs though their uses are somewhat different.